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The Sixties: Behind the Music

This guide covers the decade 1960 - 1970

Behind the Music

For the music to reach a wide audience, there had to be the technology, the personalities, the record labels and recording studios, the songwriters that made that possible as well as an introduction to the genres. This page features this behind-the-scenes support.

Musicality

Behind-the-Scenes People

  • Lou Adler
  • Herb Alpert & Jerry Moss
  • Chet Atkins
  • Estelle Axton
  • Chris Blackwell
  • The Chess Brothers
  • Tom Dowd
  • Ahmet Ertegun
  • Kenny Gamble & Leon Huff
  • Jack Good
  • Berry Gordy, Jr.
  • Bill Graham
  • John Hammond
  • Chet Helms
  • Glyn Johns
  • Quincy Jones
  • Don Kirshner
  • Alan Lomax
  • John Mayall
  • Joe Meek
  • Mickie Most
  • Les Paul
  • Sam Phillips
  • Leon Russell
  • Phil Spector
  • Jim Stewart
  • Allen Toussaint
  • Jerry Wexler

Source: allmusic.com

Managers

  • Brian Epstein (The Beatles)
  • Peter Grant, Led Zeppelin
  • Albert Grossman (Bob Dylan)
  • Kit Lambert (The Who)
  • Andrew Loog Oldham (The Rolling Stones)
  • Col. Tom Parker (Elvis Presley)
  • Peter Rudge (The Who & the Rolling Stones)
  • Chris Stamp (The Who)
  • Robert Stigwood Cream & the Bee Gees
  • Phil Walden (Otis Redding)

Source: Allmusic.com

Legendary Recording Studios of the 1950s & 1960s

  • Abbey Road: London
  • A&M Records Studio: Hollywood
  • Atlantic Records Studio: NYC
  • Capitol Records Capitol Tower: LA
  • Chess Records Studio: Chicago
  • Columbia Studios: NYC
  • FAME Studios: Muscle Shoals, AL
  • Gold Star Recording Studios: LA
  • Headley Grange: Healey,England
  • Motown's Hitsville USA: Detroit
  • Muscle Shoals Sound Studio: Muscle Shoals, AL
  • RCA Studio B: Nashville
  • Rudy Van Gelder's Studio: Englewood Cliffs, NJ
  • Stax Studios: Memphis
  • Studio One: Jamaica
  • Sun Records Studio: Memphis
  • Sunset Sound: Hollywood
  • Trident Studios: London
  • United Western Recorders, Hollywood
  • Universal Recording Studios, Chicago

Source: udiscovermusic.com & Temples of Sound: Inside the Great Recording Studios by Coogan, Clark & Jones.

How most teenagers got their music in the fifties and early sixties.

Photograph: Jukebox

Jukebox

Public domain image.
During the forties, fifties and early sixties, most records were not bought, but heard on the radio and played on jukeboxes. The jukes were located in soda shops, diners, restaurants, bars and any place where people, especially teenagers, were likely to gather. They were loaded with 45 rpm singles. To play, the listener dropped in a coin into the box, then picked a letter and number. It was a great way to share the music you loved.

Photograph: Transistor radio

1960 RCA Transistor Radio

Image source: Mister rf, (Creative Commons Share Alike License).
During the late fifties and sixties, transistor radios became a source of music for teenagers. Because of its portability, it could be used just about anywhere.

Photograph: Portable record player

Portable record player, early 1960s

Source: Joe Haupt (Creative commons Share Alike Licencse)
These small players were popular in the early 1960s. They were used by teenagers for personal listening of 45 rpms.

Disc Jockeys

Radio and Television DJ's were important for the rise of the popularity of rock & roll and soul. Some achieved a fame rivaling that of the artists they played on air. Here are a few of the most important.

  • Dick Biondi
  • Dick Clark
  • Don Cornelius
  • Alan "The Moondog" Freed
  • Arnie W. "Woo-Woo" Ginsburg
  • Jocko Henderson
  • Casey Kasam
  • Robert W. Morgan
  • "Cousin Brucie" Morrow
  • Murray "The K" Kaufman
  • Daddy O' Daylie
  • John Peel
  • Wolfman Jack

Source: Radio Hall of Fame

Record Labels

Great Record Labels of the Sixties:
A&M
Atlantic
Apple
CBS

Capitol
Capricorn
Decca
​Elektra

​EMI
Island Records
Motown
Stax

Source: Great Record Labels by A. Cimino.

Studio Work & Backup Bands

The Songwriting Craft

50 Great Songwriters

What's a musician without a songwriter? The first 25 years (1950 - 1975)  produced some great songwriters. And like music itself, songwriting didn't discriminate on the basis of skin color, gender or where you were from. Some of our finest songwriters were women: Joni Mitchell, Carol King and Elle Greenwich. Look at the work produced by African-Americans: Big Mama Thornton, Stevie Wonder, Chuck Berry and Smokey Robinson. Jamaican Bob Marley, Belgiin Jacques Brel, and Antonio Carlos-Jobim have had a profound influence on American songwriting.

  • Nickolas Ashford and Valerie Simpson
  • Chuck Berry
  • Burt Bacharach
  • Jacques Brel
  • Felice & Boudleaux Bryant
  • Gene Clark
  • Leonard Cohen
  • Neil Diamond
  • Bob Dylan
  • Kenny Gamble and Leon Huff
  • Bob Gaudio
  • Ellie Greenwich and Jeff Barry
  • Woody Guthrie
  • George Harrison
  • Brian Holland-Lamont Dozier-Eddie Holland
  • Buddy Holly
  • Mick Jagger & Keith Richards
  • Antonio Carlos Jobim
  • Robert Johnson
  • Carol King and Gerry Goffin
  • Kris Kristofferson
  • Huddie Ledbetter
  • Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller
  • John Lennon & Paul McCartney
  • Gordon Lightfoot
  • Little Richard
  • Loretta Lynn
  • Henry Mancini
  • Bob Marley
  • Joni Mitchell
  • Van Morrison
  • Willie Nelson
  • Dolly Parton
  • Carl Perkins
  • Doc Pomus and Mort Shuman
  • John Prine
  • Smokey Robinson
  • Leon Russell
  • Buffy Sainte-Marie
  • Neil Sedaka
  • Paul Simon
  • Joe South
  • Phil Spector
  • Big Mama Thornton
  • Jimmy Webb
  • Cynthia Weil & Barry Mann
  • Hank Williams
  • Brian Wilson
  • Stevie Wonder
  • Syreeta Wright

Source: Songwriters Hall of Fame, allmusic.com and Udiscovermusic.com

 

Technology

Additional References

Cimino, A. (1992). Great record labels. Secaucus, NJ: Chartwell Books.
Cogan, J., Clark, W. & Jones, Q. (2003). Temples of sound: Inside the great recording studios. San Francisco, CA: Chronicle.
DK. (2015). Music: the definitive visual history. New York.
Jackson, J. A. (1999). American Bandstand: Dick Clark and the making of a rock 'n' roll empire. New York: Oxford University Press.