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History of Horror: The Re-animated

A cultural history.

Body Snatchers

Body Snatchers

Kim Traynor. Body snatchers at work, Old Crown Inn, Penicuik.JPG
Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 3.0 Unported license.

"Body snatching is the act of digging up newly buried bodies for the purpose of selling them to hospitals and anatomists to dissect for reasearch, teaching or experimentation" (Cardin, p.372). In the 18th and 19th centuries, if a scientist was unable to acquire a body legally, often they hired "the body snatchers" and paid them handsomely.

  • 1752. The Murder Act in Britain gave scientists the bodies of the executed.
  • 1797. Novel: The Horrors of Oakendale Abbey by Mrs. Carver.
  • 1818. Novel: Frankenstein, or the Modern Prometheus by Mary Shelley.
  • 1828. William Burke and William Hare murdered 16 people in Edinburgh to provide bodies to Dr. Robert Knox.
  • 1884. Story: The Body Snatcher by Robert Louis Stevenson.
  • 1922. Story: "Herbert West-Reanimator" by H. P. Lovecraft.
  • 1927. Story: The Case of Charles Dexter Ward by H. P. Lovecraft.
  • 1945. Film: The Body Snatcher.
  • 1958. Film: Corridors of Blood.
  • 1974. Film: Mel Brooks' Young Frankenstein.
  • 1977. Novel: Coma by Robin Cook.
  • 1985. Film: Stuart Gordon's Re-animator, comedy horror.

The Zombie

A zombie is a corpse that has been either supernaturally or scientifically reanimated. Quotes about zombies:
"Life-impaired fellow citizens", (Maberry, p.xix)
"Have you ever talked to a corpse. It's boring." Jack Goodman (Griffin Dunne), An American Werewolf in London (1981).
"They're not dead exactly, they're just...sort of rotting." Lionel Cosgrove (Timothy Balme), Dead Alive (1992).

  • 1810-1819. History: Robert Southery's four-volume History of Brazil (first English appearance of the word "zombie).
  • 1818. Novel: Frankenstein by Mary Shelley.
  • 1929. Journalism: The Magic Island by journalist William Seabrook, a study of Haitian voodoo culture and the concept of the walking dead.
  • 1932. Film: Victor Helperin's White Zombie
  • 1938. Study: Tell My Horse: Voodoo and Life in Haiti and Jamaica by Zora Neale Hurston.
  • 1943. Film: Jacques Tourneur's I walked with a zombie.
  • 1954. Novel: I Am Legend by Richard Matheson.
  • 1959. Film: Ed Wood's Plan 9 from Outer Space.
  • 1962. Film : Herk Harvey's Carnival of Souls.
  • 1966.Film: Hammer Studios' The Plague of the Zombies
  • 1968. Film: George Romero's Night of the Living Dead, 
  • 1978. Film: George Romero's Dawn of the Dead.
  • 1983. Music video: Michael Jackson' Thriller.
  • 1985. Journalism: The Serpent and the Rainbow: A Harvard Scientist's Astonishing Journey into the Secret Societies of Haitian Voodoo, Zombies, and Magic by Wade Davis.
  • 1986. Book: Pet Sematary by Stephen King.
  • 1996. Game: Resident Evil.
  • 2000. Gencon 2000, the first Zombie Walk in Milwaukee.
  • 2002. Film: Danny Boyle's 28 Days Later.
  • 2003. Book: The Zombie Survival Guide by Max Brooks.
  • 2003 Comic Book: The Walking Dead.
  • 2004. Film: Edgar Wright's Shaun of the Dead, a zombie comedy.
  • 2006. Novel: World War Z: An Oral History of the Zombie War by Max Brooks.
  • 2009. Film: Reuben Fleischer's Zombieland, a zombie comedy.
  • 2010. TV series: The Walking Dead.
  • 2011. TV series: The Game of Thrones with the zombie-like Wights.
  • 2013. Film: World War Z.
  • 2013. Comedy Romance: Warm Bodies.

The Mummy

Mummy

Cropped and edited lobby card for The Mummy (Universal, 1932), taken from a PD theatrical poster.
Used under Creative Commons public domain CC0 image.

A mummy is a corpse of a human or animal preserved through a chemical process, often associated with ancient Egypt.

  • 1799. Napoleon's expedition in Egypt discovers The Egyptian Book of the Dead & the Rosetta Stone.
  • 1798-1801.  Institut d'Egypte pulbishes the 4 volume Mémoires sur l'Égypte.
  • 1809-1821. Publication of Description de l'Égypte launches an American and European fascination with ancient Egypt.
  • 1822. Jean-François Champollion announces he has deciphered the Rosetta Stone hieroglyphs.
  • 1845. Story: "Some Words with a Mummy" by Edgar Allan Poe.
  • 1869. Story: "Lost in a Pyramid, or The Mummy's Curse" by Louisa May Alcott.
  • 1890. Story: "The Ring of Thoth" by Arthur Conan Doyle.
  • 1903. Novel: Jewel of the Seven Stars by Bram Stoker.
  • 1918. Novel: Brood of the Witch Queen by Sax Rohmer.
  • 1923. The opening of King Tut's tomb believed to be cursed.
  • 1925. Novel: The Way of the Stars by Louisa Adams Beck.
  • 1932. Film: Universal Studios' The Mummy launches a series of mummy movies.
  • 1938. Story: "Beetles"  by Robert Bloch.
  • 1947. Story: "The Next in Line" by Ray Bradbury.
  • 1955. Comedy film: Abbott & Costello meet the Mummy.
  • 1959. Film: Hammer Studio's first in a series, The Mummy.
  • 1989. Novel: The Mummy, or Ramses the Damned by Anne Rice.
  • 1998. Novel: The Sleeper in the Sands by Tom Holland.
  • 1999. Film: Universal Studios' re-boot, The Mummy.
  • 2002. Comedy film: Bubba Ho-tep.

Additional References

Cardin, M. (2017). Horror literature through history an encyclopedia of the stories that speak to our deepest fears (Kindle) Greenwood.
Jones, D. (2021). Horror a very short introduction. Oxford University Press.
King, S. (2010). Danse macabre. Gallery. 
Landis, J. (2016). Monsters in the movies: 100 Years of Cinematic nightmares. DK. 
Luckhurst, R. (2018). The Astounding Illustrated History of Fantasy & Horror. Flame Tree Publishing.
Maberry, J. (2017). Nights of the living dead: An anthology. St. Martin's Press.
Skal, D. J. (2020). Fright favourites: 31 movies to haunt your Halloween and beyond. Running Press. 

Turitz, N. and Zimmerman, B. (2020). Horror: An illustrated history of vampires, zombies, monsters & more. Centennial Books, an imprint of Centennial Media, LLC.